What Is the Real Objective of Case Management Quality of Care vs Essay

What Is the Real Objective of national Management Quality of Care vs. Reduced Costs - Essay ExampleHowever, it is questionable whether these systems can flip both quality and low costs. By coordinating the wellness thrill needs of a patient requiring four-fold services from multiple providers, studies of disease direction schedules gather in shown that these programs do improve quality by offer interventions such(prenominal) as pre-recorded telephone reminders or home visits by medical professionals (Rand Corporation Study).According to the Rand study, conditions such as diabetes and congestive heart failure (CHF) benefited from case management and reduced costs by decrease hospital admissions, while patients suffering from depression were more apt to use outpatient services and prescription drugs, increase costs. Six chronic conditions were analyzed in the study CHF, coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, asthma, depression, and chronic hindering pulmonary disease (COPD). Improved quality was found in four of the six illnesses, with inconclusive results for asthma and COPD. Long-term health outcomes have not been determined, however, because the study covered only one year.In a one-year study by Michael Long, professor at Wichita State University, geriatric patients who were at least 75 and functionall(a)y impaired were randomly assigned to a regular-assist group or a case-managed group. The polish was to refuse the fragmented care that often exists for these patients. Both benefits and costs must be taken into consideration forwards determining success or failure in such a patient advocacy program (Long). The goal should be set by a team and success determined by whether the goal is met. In Longs study, the case-managed group benefited more than the regular-care group, and improved quality was the result. Cost and quality are sometimes considered debate factors, but Long considers this too simple an explanation. He recommends a formula Quality=B enefits - (Risk and Cost), which takes into consideration all the factors involved in case management programs.Limitations of Case Management ProgramsIn a more spread out study, consisting of 46 states examining HMOs and primary care case management (PCCM) programs, the reporting states tended to emphasize utilization results over quality-measure results. In states where many commercial health plans have recently abandoned Medicaid contracts and some rural areas of the United States have been unable to attract health plans, PCCM programs are intelligible from capitated managed care plans in that the Medicaid agency purchases health care services as if it were a health plan (Schneider et al). A comparison of quality oversight PCCM programs and health plans serving Medicaid beneficiaries indicates that states with both have fewer expectations for PCCM programs and do not seem to have a distinct goal. At present, the study found that PCCM programs have not as a rule collected carryi ng out data, thereby lacking the means to improve quality care. Strengths of Case Management ProgramsOne area in which healthcare costs are accelerated is with the high number of diabetics needing treatment, and case management is highly recommended for glycemic date in these patients. As noted by The Guide to Community Preventive Services online, Diabetes management is intricate and difficult for both patient and healthcare provider, and traditional healthcare delivery methods have not adequately met their needs (Case Management Interventions). The Guide goes on to say that a systematic review shows case management delivered as part of disease management to be effective in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Managed care strategies for Medicaid populations in Florida, North Carolina, and

The Conservative’s Right to Buy policy has changed the quality Essay

The mercenarys Right to Buy policy has changed the quality and quantity of local authority housing beyond all recognition. Discuss - Essay ExampleBut the scenario changes when the government of a country makes it easier and affordable for the quite a little to buy houses. An example is the introduction of the Right to Buy Policy (RTB) introduced by the Conservative government in the UK (later to become part of the Housing Act 1985 as sections 188 to 188). This paper is a review of the positive and contradict effects of the policy and whether it has changed the quality and quantity of local authority housing beyond all recognition.The proper(a) to Buy scheme was first introduced in 1980 and the policy aims at at honest tenants of local authorities (councils) and those assured tenants of registered social landlords/housing associations who previously held secure tenancies with local authorities. It is open to virtually any secure tenant who can afford to buy (Communities and Loca l Government). Relatively high levels of discounts were also provided for the tenants if they think to object lesson their rights to buy. Several changes in legislation have taken place over the years and it is non intended in this paper to go into its details. The primary purpose as mentioned earlier is to understand its effects and repercussions. It is sporting from published literature and facts that the policy did have an enormous impact on the housing sector in the country. According to the Guardian newspaper, as of 2003, nearly 1.5 million homes have been purchased by tenants and the level of ownership has move up from 55 to 70%. (Weaver 2003).The figure for Scotland in 2006, according to Communities Minister Malcolm Chisholm was 67%. Balchin and Rhoden quoting Hamnett state that the near sleeping housing sector radically changed gears within ten years of the introduction of the policy. The housing sector was not very dynamic for nearly half a century prior to its introd uction (Balchin &Rhoden 2002, p. 10). There are more words of praise and appreciation. In the book

Federico uribe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Federico uribe - bear witness ExampleUribe is a modern artist currently working out of Florida but represented on an international scale because of his unique salute and style. Born in Bogota, Columbia, the artist make a multi-cultural excogitate of art prior to developing his own style. This style has only continued to evolve as he continues to work. Making a name for himself first with his paintbrush, Uribe is now most known for his works using mundane objects to create unique images and sculptures. The underlying focus of his work is to create connections connections with his audience, connections with his materials and connections between ideas. When viewed from up close, his work may be revealed as an exploration into the connections between writing utensils and the ways in which we define ourselves while a more distant viewpoint reveals the 3D image of a womans body. At the same time, his work creates a connection between historic art, most specifically reminiscent of the Pop blind culture of the 1960s, and contemporary approaches to art in which mixed media is king. Another connection he creates is between the ground of fine art and commercial art as he creates pieces that deliberately play on the countersign or brand names of makers of products. It is the purpose of the following study to discover more about the artist, his approach to art, his techniques and the ways in which he uses these forms to bridge the spaces between at heart the postmodern culture.When discussing current art practices within the postmodern world, it is important to consider the main ideas connected to the politics of representation. This term attempts to make a specialization between the content of an image and the form of the image. Another way of thinking about this is the distinction that is made between the sublime and the visual. The sublime refers to the unspoken meaning behind the image, the ideas that cannot be fully explained because words ar not big enough but they exist all the same.

Financial Health 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Health 2 - Assignment Exampleost of care salary is similar to the comprehensive care model in which payment for the full range of health care is given by a specified group for a decided period of time. (Cromwell, J., & Research Triangle Institute. 2011)The false claim act is a statute which provides flock who are not with the government to file action can on behalf of the government. It is a federal legality also known as whistle blowing that allows people who are not government-affiliated to file claims of fraud against the government. It has been employ to investigate many health suppliers from pharmaceutical companies to health care organizations, hospital, practices, agencies and equipment suppliers. Through the use of this fraud, government has hump across many fraud settlements over the years and has paid big payments who had sued on behalf of the government. This law applies in situations like double billing by providers, refusing to provide medically necessar y care etc.A number of federal and state statutes are dealt by the Government in regard to the Medicare fraudulent. The government provides the prosecutor with many options related to health care. Following is a list of possible criminal prosecutionA False Claims act is a government statute under which, any health care provider who presents a false claim or demand regarding any medical services can be held guilty. The prosecutor needs to prove that the provider intentionally false claimed.A False Statement consummation imposes liability on a provider if in a communication submitted to the government had false books or documents. In such a violation the government only needs to prove that the provider knowingly submitted the statement or documents knowing they were false.Anti-kickback act concerns individuals and entities that knowingly make false statements in applying for payments provided by the government and states regarding health care. It also prohibits individuals concealin g information of events that claim their

A written analysis of the nature of Practitionr research Essay

A written analysis of the nature of Practitionr research - Essay Examplepractician research has been employed as a means of bridging the gap between employment and theory. Teachers have been urged to practise practician research, specifically action research in run to improve education and reconstruct fellowship (Berker, 1992). Other areas of practice, including health, agriculture, and the social sciences have also not been left behind in their use of practician research, as they are seeking to improve their knowledge base, and eventually bridging the gap between theory and practice (Fox, et.al., 2007). Various discussions on practitioner research have been forwarded, including its nature, values, and underlying activities. This paper seeks to explore the nature of practitioner research. It shall explore various issues pertaining to ethics, especially in relation to practitioner research. Firstly, it shall discuss the offspring mentoring and how practitioner research applies to this field. Secondly, the importance of ethical applications in practitioner research will also be established. Lastly, an analysis of practitioner and action research will be carried out. Youth mentoring is a process that entails a linking of mentors with the youth, especially those that pray the care of responsible adults (Rhodes and Liang, 2009). More often than not, the responsible adults (mentors) are not relatives of the mentored youths. At most, these mentors serve as volunteers under a community-based program catering to the needs of the youth population. Most definitions of the mentoring processes have revolved nigh the idea that an older and more experienced person would assist a much younger and slight experienced individual to go through developmental stages and transition towards bigger responsibilities (Rhodes and Liang, 2009). The motive for the establishment of mentoring programs is generally on assisting youths in their transition into adulthood. In other cas es, mentoring programs have also been established in order to curb and control delinquent behaviours. In the past decades, various mentoring programs have emerged in different split of the world (Spencer, 2007). Moreover, the number of youths under the mentoring programs has also increased drastically (Spencer, 2007). Mentors have often entered into the mentoring programs with much enthusiasm. However, concerns on the efficacy of the mentoring programs have emerged in recent years. In particular, questions have been seen on whether or not the afoot(predicate) state of the mentoring programs is effective and ethical (Rhodes and Liang, 2009). These questions relate to the fact that the mentor has a far greater indicator over the student. The power differential, in other words can be abused by the mentor. On the other, as the mentor and the student develop a closer relationship, the lines between mentor and student whitethorn be blurred (Goudreau, 2010). The National Youth Mentoring Program framework is a booklet that stipulates all that should through with(p) to ensure that all the mentoring programs attain the desirable goals. In relation to practitioner research, this discussion on the youth mentoring program shall now consider the foundations of the program, as well as the benefits it can bring in change youth mentoring and in improving the healthy development of the youth. Background of youth mentoring p

Case 4-1 McDonald's Great Britain -The Turnaround Study

4-1 McDonalds Great Britain -The Turnaround - Case Study ExampleThere was a further fall in McDonalds UKs sales in 2005 alongside those of other European McDonalds outlets. In 2007, the corporations sales went up by 4.6 percent and it increased its mart share. Inadequate localization, negative perception, and disceptation are some of the reasons for McDonalds UK lagging behind.The most critical caper confronting McDonalds UK is inadequate localization. This manifests in the way its Britain customers were repulsed by its use of the red color on its phoner logo. The assist most critical problem facing McDonalds UK is negative perception and the Greenpeace lawsuit, low feeling food, lack of variety on its menu and the low pay that the company offers its employees are responsible for the companys negative perception. The least critical problem facing McDonalds UK is competition. Some emerging burnt umber shops are competing with McDonalds UK and other fast food businesses are offe ring more variety for what is considered sizable foods by Britains customers (Krishna & Chaudhuri 658).Question 2 Some problems you identified in Question 1 whitethorn require a quick fix in the short run, while others may require a major shift in company strategy. Assuming that you cannot focus on all the problems at once, indicate the order in which the issues should be addressed and suggest an approach to solving each problem.The problem of competition that is confronting McDonalds UK is one that needs a quick fix. McDonalds UK has the capacity to liaise with its parent quick to offer coffee as a primary item in its menu. Its initiative to introduce fresh ground Kenco beans suffices to introduce a coffee brand that is unique. The problem of negative perception should be the second problem that McDonalds UK should address. The company can address this problem by making peace with Greenpeace activists in order to reassure the Britons that it takes responsibility for its mistake s. The problem of

Outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 02133 Essay

Outline commercialiseing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 02133 - Essay casingWith the changing demography, the level of health consciousness has paved the way for new flavoured potables. The beverage industry has unploughed on increasing in respect to the number of players and the target market. The demographic change has led the beverage industry to introduce new products. The aging population in US and other economies have forced companies to continuously innovate their marketing activities vis-a-vis product, price, place, promotion and communication.Atlantic Quench Cranberries Inc is US based party that produces juice and non juice products for more than 80 years. It is an agricultural supportive, which is owned by 46 grapefruit and 630 cranberry farmers. It has the largest market share in the fruit juice industry in US. It not only sells juice and non juice products in the US market, but it has also extended its operations in UK. Under juice product, it mainly sells under the brand name juice max, grab n go, cranberry original juice, etc and under non juice products it sells as new conserve, cranberry sauces, etc.The political situation of Europe is a very stable one. It follows a democratically elected system of g all overnment (Market Line., 2013). The political system of UK is embedded in its deep system of political stability that is given by the democratically elected government. After the world wars the UK has grown considerably over the years followed by a stable political system. For Atlantic quench this is a good constrict as it provides a favourable investment climate for the company.Per capita gross domestic product of the UK is high and the investment climate of UK is favourable. just in the recent years the country is suffering from high debt and fiscal deficit. There was negative GDP growth in the year 2009 that would result in the not-purchasing of any this that the consumers did not consider essential (West, cover and I brahim, 2015). UK has also witnessed high rates

Tourism and environment in conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism and surround in conflict - Essay ExampleThus on one spend where the industry is hailed as a key contributor to the countrys economy and boosting its growth and development, on the other it is blamed by surroundalists and other stakeholders as responsible for single handedly destroying and depleting the subjective resources (Huebner, 2010). Both sides of the arguments are valid and hold believability considering the vast amount of evidence available in the form of research conducted over the years. This indicates a horrendous conflict between two of the most critical elements of the society. The tourism industry, unlike the other industries relies solely on the use of the natural resources to lure and attract consumers. The natural environment hence, forms a very integral instigate of the trade which is exposed to the public. The increase in tourism incidentally leads to an increase in common touring car activities such(prenominal) as shopping, dining, which are often cre ated in the midst of nature so as to spend a fine sight-seeing experience for the consumers. Such activities significantly increase the risk of destruction and depletion of natural resources and revile the surrounding environment and bio-diversity (Brebbia and Pineda, 2010 Leigh, Webster, and Ivanov, 2012). The fact that tourism has energized a gradual yet steady deterioration of the environment has been accepted lately due(p) to the increasing evidence asserting the same. Tourism has consistently contributed to the rise in industrial wastes. According to reports tourism generates significant amount of waste due to increased human activities in the surrounding area. It has also caused a radical shift in climate due to increased commerce leading to air pollution. Since the tourism is highly dependent on consumers, increased tourist activities are inevitable. some(prenominal) effort to reduce or eliminate the production of waste and protect the environment is hence plausibly to be futile mainly due to the sheer size of the industry (Sharpley, 2009 Scott, Hall, and Gossling, 2012). The deterioration of the environment due to increase in tourism is a paradox faced by the industry since the availability of faint and orderly environment is one of the key pre-requisites for the tourism industry to thrive. The industry on one hand strives to co-ordinate the two diverse yet inter-related causes that of promoting tourism and safeguarding the very natural resources it endorses as a fool to attract more consumers. The tourism industry is hence entrusted with the burden of balancing the act of protecting the environment by keeping it clean and retaining its purity, and at the same time use it as its USP (Unique Selling Point) in attracting more consumers. This indicates a conflict of interest between the tourism industry and the environment whereby the wider social cause of environment protection is sacrificed in exchange for capital gains. The conflicting relati onship between tourism and natural environment can be rectified to a certain extent by coordinating and coercive the impact of tourism activities on the environment. This issue is confronted by two diverse perspectives i.e. ethical and economic whereby the deduction and gravity of neither of the two can be denied or ignored. It is highly impossible to ignore the percentage of tourism in ensuring protection of the environment and vice versa. However it is of crucial significance to ensure that the refined line between ethical and commercial objectives of the trade is not overlooked in favor of profits. Incidences such as illegal

Determinism, free will and moral responsibility Essay

Determinism, discontinue allow for and incorrupt office - as asseverate ExampleThere are many views and arguments reflecting different philosophers positions on determinism, unfreeze go out and moral responsibility, and it is not easy to go out correct solution of such problems. Maybe this solution will never be found, as in case of many other philosophic problems. The purpose of this paper is not to find it, but to analyse the views of such philosophers as Blatchford, Schlick, Hospers, Campbell and Taylor on determinism, free will and moral responsibility. The views of these philosophers will be given in connection with my own ideas and views on these philosophic problems. In this paper I will argue that libertarian approach (Campbell and Taylor) reflects reality in more objective view than that of hard determinists (Blatchford, Schlick and Hospers).2. Blatchford asserts that free will is determined by our nature. Heredity and environment determine our will he says that the free will is real controlled by genetic endowment and environment (Blatchford, p. 104). He also writes that The free will party seem to call in of the will as something independent of the man, as something outside of him. They seem to think that the will decides without the control of the mans background (Blatchford, p. 34-35). Of course, heredity and environment play great role in our carry throughs, but I think that free will can depend on personal moral responsibility. Blatchford asserts that our actions can be predictable. Our nature and heredity determine our acts this statement fits for famous persons too (Napoleon, Lincoln). In addition to that he claims that his work The Delusion of trim Will disposes of the claim that man is responsible be cause his will is free (Blatchford, p. 107).So, we can say that Blatchford is a representative of hard determinism. But there is a question. What about twins who live together and therefore have the same heredity and environment Ar e their free will and moral responsibility expressions equal No. I suppose that their decisions and actions depend on their free will which is not originated from heredity and environment. Their free will is determined by their personal development and the features of personality which can be real in the process of education and self-development. 3. Moritz Schlick is a representative of logical positivism doctrine. His definition of free will, determinism and moral responsibility derives from the definition of punishment. He supposes that Punishment is an educative measure, and as such is a means to the governing body of motives, which are in part to go on the wrongdoer from repeating the act (reformation) and in part to prevent others from committing a similar act (intimidation). Analogously, in the case of reward we are concerned with an incentive. (Schlick, p. 152). So, Schlicks view of free will and responsibility is connected with punishment. He supposes that a person in res ponsible if the punishment for his action is able to change his behavior in the future. So, his determinism differs a little from that of Blatchford. In his point of view,

Global Fashion insights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Fashion insights - Essay ExampleThe essay Global Fashion insights analyzes the sort insights. Included in like manner in the visual display are the different roles t don each group part plays in the general success of the project in this fashion design class. The visual display also details the design of the project including recommendations and future improvements that are t be adjusted. An all dying border is included in the visual display that will be presented o the viewer on this craftiness fair show. The process of sewing together the different elements of the project are also included in the visual display. For our project, our group was also going to need a table for the purposes of setting up the detail for presentation. I detailed the design of the table in the visual display of the company. Last but not least, in included he put forwards of the various sources of help that our group sort after. Parody is a local company that is composed of a team of students with the aim of providing tank tops to the various customers hat are in need f t. To enhance the groups work, in set up a flick to display the various elements that are indeed critical to the success of this project in the trade show. Visual display of this product is critical to the success of this project since it makes it easier to explain and distribute the video material to a wider audience. This visual display begins y detailing the name of or group members, the name of the project, he purpose of the project, the target group for our project, the source of raw materials for our project.

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Autobiography - Essay Example consort to the Declaration of Independence, we can only pursue the happiness, we can non attain it, and so we should consider happiness as the journey, not as a destination (Jefferson). This is the only way we can be happy, because we could enjoy it as a process. Life is like travelling through beautiful fields filled with greenery, but we are so worried about achieving material happiness and riches that we cannot dare to see around and praise the viewer of animation. Same goes with this life, we keep on working for our future and keep on postponing our parties and vacations for more money. But at the end, we lose our energy and youth, therefore, rendered unable by our age and cannot be able to avail the happiness which life had to offer. The woman I mentioned in the previous paragraph is me. I spent a very aching life. When I was in the Navy, my male colleagues were always interested in taking advantage of me. But I kept dodging them over the span of my whole service tenure. Despite of the difficulties, I kept on moving forward and learnt how to deal with them eventu eachy, by being reserved and indifferent to their issues all the time. In this way, I was able to keep them away. Finally, I got retired from the Forces after a long time. I returned home where I assiduous myself into healthy activities of gardening and housekeeping. After some years from retirement, my son died and he left two children in my custody. Few mean solar days later, federal law enforcement officials came and took my grandchildren away from me. I got too frustrated. But I took a decision to take this matter to the court, where I successfully proved that I am in a good health and, therefore, able to take care of my children. Fortunately, court agreed and granted me the custody of the children. From that day on, I am proud of myself, because I was able to take a stand for my children. As I mentioned earlier, I had spent a very painful life however, these grandchildren are rewards of those pains I suffered in my youth. I am happy seeing them grow, giggle and flourish in front of me. I in reality enjoy answering their innocent questions about life. I am training them to become strong-willed individuals. I let them take decisions by themselves, so that they learn to face the consequences of their decisions. In this way, they can build an see about a real and nasty life which they have to face in very climb up future. Conclusion This melodic theme highlights different facets of my life. My life gives a message of constant struggle in at least one part of everybodys life, so that one can ripe their fruits later on. The unassailable work with persistence is a true way to success an individual should follow his or her avow way, because man come in this world in their original form. They should depart from here in the same way. I stood up for my rights, fought for them and finally won against all the odds. I recommend courage, pers istence and determination to all of those who are discouraged due to social pressures. All social systems are made by humans and we can change them. No system in this world is divine in nature, therefore, is subject to change. So, this paper recommends its readers to be original, moving, flexible, yet determined. Work Cited Jefferson, Thomas. Declaration of Independence. International Relations and Security Networks, 1945.

Topic will be based on which book you choose Term Paper

Topic forget be base on which book you choose - Term Paper ExampleThe constant commercial pommeling that teenagers are capable to regularly makes them give in to the pressures of being considered cool by their peers, which in turn works in the corporations favor (Quart 32). In addition to all the above, the growing need to incorporate sex in rough of these advertisements is making its way into the lives of teenagers and younger children. Recent sources in different organizations can attest to this. This paper will examine aspects of the book and relate it to an advertisement, and the impact it might have on its target market. At a particularly young age, teenagers and pre-teenagers are forced into different loyalty schemes by corporations that use their peers to market and transmit their products. In Branded, the author brings into account the fact that corporations are having a higher stake in schools than they perhaps should. In the past, countless groups, including parents a nd politicians, were at the forefront trying to resist the notion of advertising in schools. However, the flowing situation of sponsorship that most corporations boast of is making this a difficult task. Corporations, at present, have more than shares in schools than any other party, and they are using this to their advantage. Brand-afflicted teenagers are now everywhere, but there might be time to save some of the young ones from the menace that is mark (Quart 47). Target audience capital of Seychelless Secret is one brand that is affiliated with the imagery of sex and sex appeal. In most of their advertisements, models and tribe wearing their lingerie appeal to the adults and market that tends to grasp the concept of being sexy. However, lately the brand has been touching toward a different market altogether. In a recent advertisement, Bright Young Things, the brand has brought to airheaded their aim for a younger market. Teenagers and pre-teens who want to be considered coo l are now looking toward Victorias Secret line of lingerie in a bid to look older, or more sophisticated. Parents are being forced to give in to the pressure of their young children who demand such clothing, and it is unambiguous that once children catch on to this brand, there is no turning back. It is next to impossible for the children not to sojourn loyal to the brand, if they start when young (Lutz 1). Aspects of the demographic The income and lifestyle of teenagers and pre-teens cannot be questioned as it is not impossible to arrest exactly where they get their income, or lifestyle choices. These aspects are influenced directly by their parents, immediate family members, and even friends. The brusque income that teenagers may receive is probably from allowances that parents offer their children once they partake of certain activities. However, as the issue of branding and marketing takes precedence in most schools and areas (Quart 53), teenagers are looking for different a venues which can work toward increase their capital. It is this aspect that sheds light on why teenagers look for different jobs during the summer and spring-breaks. More money government agency more savings, which ultimately leads to lifestyle autonomy. Parents have little or no say in the effect once their children start buying their own clothes, using their hard-earned money. Alissa Quart takes the reader into the processes used by corporations to suck teens and pre-teens into their branding world, and why it is particularly easy for teens to succumb to these schemes. The first aspect that comes into play is the use of community their own age to

Foundation of Business Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Foundation of Business Analysis - Case Study ensampleThe significant self-assertion is 88% implying that the it does not mee the 95% required arroganceThe results didnt show any significant statistical variance between the hypothesized entre price (p = 0.118 OR 0.059) and the sample data. Therefore we run to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that patrons will be willing to pay $18 for an entree, which is the kindred as the prediction of the forecast model. The finding shows that most patrons are willing to pay $18.A one-sample t-test is interpreted to get out if patrons can spend $200for an entre as per the forecast model specification. The significant confidence is snow% implying that the significance confidence it meet the 95% required confidence. For this case the confidence level eliminate the 95% minimum threshold therefore we are taking the alternative hypothesis (Weiers 54).A one-sample t-test is taken to check if the location is in ZIP 7 for an entre as per the forecast model specification. The significant confidence is 100% implying that the significance confidence it meet the 95% required confidence. For this case the confidence level exceed the 95% minimum threshold therefore we are taking the alternative hypothesis.at p=0.01 the likeliness of people with different income levels gave a relationship of 0.775, at 0.000 level of significance. Thus value is high demonstrate a higher likelihood to patronize the restaurant by people of different income level.At p=0.01, the t=7.710 for simple dcor was high than for elegant dcor t=-8.906. this was considered at 95% confidence level. In addition, the imagine value (3.58) of the patrons preferred simple dcor. While the patrons preferring elegant dcor had mean value(2.33) which is a lower value.Patrons prefers live entertainment given that the majority love listening to Jazz cambo (t=11.385) at p=0.01 confidence level. Fewer patrons prefer listening to string quarter (t=-7.009) at confidence

Lehman brothers Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lehman brothers - Literature review ExampleThe trick works perfectly, and manages to lure unsuspecting investors into trust the familys financial reports. Banks however use Repo one hundred five for purposes of short term borrowing, while in the possibility of Lehman, it was used to reflect a healthier balance sheet than it really was. Jeffers (2011, p. 2) observes that the Lehman brothers used the Repo 105 in its accounting severally to report impressive financial statements and win the trust of potential investors, by showing healthy securities. The attach to was an investment bank which had gone global. Lehmans auditors on three make used the Repo 105 creative accounting trick to boost investor confidence. The trick used by Lehman helped them temporarily remove from its balance sheet roughly $ 50 billion, making the balance sheet look develop the actual status of the companys financial statements. However, at the time of filing its bankruptcy case, the company has a total o f $ 639 billion in assets and $ 619 billion in debts. This formed the biggest bankruptcy case that touch on over $ 10 trillion in investments. The companys scheme tough the use of verificatory wets such as Alpha Ville, with counter parties from banks such as Barclays Bank of Britain, USB of Switzerland, Mizuho Bank and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group. To be exact, the company involved in Repo 105, the transactions worth was estimated at over 105 per cent of the actual cash it received. This meant that the company was experiencing a shortage through these transactions. When they repaid the cash it received from the counterparties, interest was included, which made it a very expensive technique, thus losing money. Repo 105 is a tricky phenomenon for any company which opts to use it as a model of reporting its financial status. According to accounting standards, it is wrong and unethical for a firm to alter its books of accounts (Nguyen & Gong, 2012, p. 31). It is an issue that is q uite sensitive, deciding to report a misleading state of a companys financial status. Whether such a situation finds its way to legal courts or not, it makes no difference, involved parties ought to hold responsibility for any eventuality through their actions. Not unless a company is planning on a strategy to defraud and steal from potential investors, it would never go to such lengths like Lehman did, with realize knowledge of the implications that are likely to come (Law, 2011, p 511). Some examiners hold that Repo 105 actually is a gross negligence and does not amount to crime. However, the fact that Lehman altered its accounts with the intention of deceiving investors, rating agencies and perhaps the manufacture regulators is proof enough that this was criminal and that the presenters of the company acted in malice. The scheme led to the largest corporate bankruptcy case in the United States financial history (Sharp, 2010, n.p). Investors lost money, in the process. No matter how much conservatives nurture to this as a form of negligence, it is still a crime. According to the accounting theories, Lehman accountants and managers contravened the theories of accounting and broke the curse of conduct of accountants. Although some scholars like Jennings (2011, p. 38) felt that the internal misleading of the company itself by the altered

Case Study--i've got rhythm Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

--ive got bicycle - Case Study ExampleThis category is convoluted in the sale of medical devices. The experts in this firmament offer patients the service of specific technical programming of various machines. They also give information on machines to the medical personnel in charge of hospital machines.The first excerption involved hiring a apportion of direct gross gross sales force that would get to the market more deeply and market the products. This option would relieve oneself a direct impact on the business since it would increase the market range. This action would foster cleanse relationship amidst the company and its customers due to direct contact. However, this option is disadvantageous since it lowers the morale of existing sales personnel.The second option involved creating clear-cut job descriptions between the sales people and the technical representatives. The salespeople cogitate on selling the machines that the technical team handled machine operation. Th is option could lead to increase in sales since each group could add more effort on their area of specialty. However, creating a gap between these two groups would lead to dissatisfaction of customers.The third option involved focusing on the areas that had more probable customers. Concentrating on major market areas would result into high sales since the target was easy. However, this method left out the option of looking for new markets.The fourth option involved converting the sale force into a team that would exert in concert to increase the sales. In this option, the sales specialist and a technical specialist would work together so that the rate of customer satisfaction would rise and consequently the number of sales would increase. However, a major disadvantage is that the operational cost would be very high and hence profit rates would reduce.I would recommend the fourth option since it provides more room for growth in the company. Coordination ensures that everyone in the team has the association on all aspects of the business and

Homosexuality Defaces the Bible Essay Example for Free

Homointimateity Defaces the Bible EssayAl sound, Id right compositionage to go by saying thank you to e precisebody for coming tonight I re each(prenominal)y appreciate it and for existence interested in learning more closely this subject. I as swell as want to thank College agglomerate United Methodist for graciously agreeing to host the event. My name is Matthew Vines, Im 21 years old, and Im currently a student in college, although Ive been on leave for most of the inha fleck devil years in order to study the material that Ill be presenting tonight. I was born(p) and raised here in Wichita, in a loving Christian home base and in a church service community that holds to the traditionalistic indication of Scripture on this subject.Just to offer a plan discoverline for this presentation Ill start by considering some of the broader appears and divisions that ar behind this debate and and then Ill move to a closer examination of the main biblical texts that atomic number 18 involved in it and then Ill offer some concluding remarks. The issue of quirkiness, of the ordination of hardy clergy and of the blessing of same-sex unions, has dressd painful divisions in the church in recent decades, and the church remains substanti each(prenominal)y divided over the issue today.On the nonpareil hand, the most common themes voiced by those who support changing traditional church teaching on homosexuality are those of acceptance, inclusion, and love, term on the other hand, those who oppose these changes express concerns about sexual purity, holiness, and most fundamentally, the place of Scripture in our communities. Are we continuing to uphold the Bible as authoritative, and are we taking biblical teachings seriously, even if they make us uncomfortable?I want to dismay tonight by considering the traditional interpretation of Scripture on this subject, in part because its conclusions have a much longer history within the church, and also because I think that many who adhere to that plaza feel that those who are arguing for a new position havent yet dumbfound forth theological arguments that are as well-grounded in Scripture as their own, in which shield the most biblically sound position should prevail. The traditional interpretation, in summary puddle, is this There are six passages in the Bible that refer in some way to same-sex behavior, and they are all negative.Three of them are study and clear. In the Old Testament, in Leviticus, male same-sex relations are prohibited, and labeled an abomination. And in the newborn Testament, in Romans, Paul speaks of women exchanging natural relations for unnatural ones, and of men abandoning natural relations with women and committing shameful acts with other men. And so according to the traditional interpretation, both the Old and the New Testament are consistent in their rejection of same-sex affinitys. tho its not just those three verses, as well as three other s that Ill appropriate on to later.Its accepted that 6 verses isnt all that many out of Scriptures 31,000. simply not only are they all negative, from the traditional viewpoint, they gain broader meaning and coherence from the spread chapters of Genesis, in which divinity fudge creates cristal and Eve, male and female. That was the original creation before the fall, before sin entered the world. That was the way that things were say to be. And so according to this view, if someone is gay, then their sexual orientation is a constrict of the fall, a sign of humane fallenness and brokenness. That was not the way that things were supposed to be.And while having a same-sex orientation is not in and of itself a sin, according to the traditional interpretation, acting upon it is, because the Bible is clear, both in what it negatively prohibits and in what it positively approves. Christians who are gay those who are only attracted to members of the same sex are thus called to re frain from acting on those attractions, to deny themselves, to take up their crosses and to follow Christ. And though it may not seem fair to us, immortals ways are higher than our own, and its not our role to question, but to obey.Within this framework, gay sight have a problem, and that is that they want to have sex with the wrong people. They tend to be viewed as essentially lustful, sexual beings. So while square people fall in love, get married, and start families, gay people just have sex. scarcely everyone has a sexual orientation and it isnt just about sex. Straight people are never really forced to think about their sexual orientation as a distinctive characteristic, but its still a part of them, and it affects an capacious amount of their drop deads. What sexual orientation is for straight people is their capacity for sentimentalist love and self-giving.Its not just about sexual attraction and behavior. Its because we have a sexual orientation that were able to fal l in love with someone, to build a long-term, committed relationship with them, and to form a family. Family is not about sex, but for so many of us, it still depends upon having a companion, a spouse. And thats true for gay people as well as for straight people. That is what sexual orientation means for them, too. alert people have the very same capacity for romantic love and self-giving that straight people do. The emotional bandage that gay couples share, the quality of love, is identical to that of straight couples.Gay people, like almost all of us, spot from families, and they, too, long to build one of their own. still the consequence of the traditional interpretation of the Bible is that, while straight people are told to avoid lust, casual relationships, and promiscuity, gay people are told to avoid romantic relationships entirely. Straight peoples sexuality is seen as a fundamentally wide thing, as a gift. It can be used in sinful or irresponsible ways, but it can also be harnessed and oriented toward a loving marriage relationship that go out be dexterous and celebrated by their community.But gay people, though they are capable of and desire loving relationships that are just as important to them, are told that, for them, even lifelong, committed relationships would be sinful, because their sexual orientation is in all broken. Its not an issue of lust versus love, or of casual versus committed relationships, because same-sex relationships are intrinsically sinful, no matter the quality and no matter the context. Gay peoples sexual orientation is so broken, so messed up that nothing dear(p) can come from it no morally good, godly relationship could ever come from it.And so they are told that they willing never have a romantic bond that will be celebrated by their community they are told that they will never have a family. Philippians 24 tells us to control not only to our own interests, but also to the interests of others. And in Matthew 5 , messiah instructs that if someone makes you go one mile, go with them two miles. And so Im passage to ask you Would you step into my shoes for a moment, and pass with me just one mile, even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable? I am gay. I didnt choose to be gay.Its not something that I would have chosen, not because its needfully a poorly thing to be, but because its passing inconvenient, its stressful, its difficult, and it can often be isolating and lonely to be different, to feel not understood, to feel not accepted. I grew up in as loving and stable of a family and home as I can imagine. I love my parents, and I have strong relationships with them both. No one ever molested or abused me growing up, and I couldnt have asked for a more accessory and nurturing childhood than the one that I had. Ive never been in a relationship, and Ive always believed in abstinence until marriage.But I also have a deeply-rooted desire to one day be married, to share my life with someone, a nd to build a family of my own. But according to the traditional interpretation of Scripture, as a Christian, I am uniquely excluded from that possibility for love, for companionship, and for family. But unlike someone who senses a calling from theology to celibacy, or unlike a straight person who just cant find the right partner, I dont sense a special calling to celibacy, and I may well find someone I grow to love and would like to spend the rest of my life with.But if that were to happen, following the traditional interpretation, if I were to fall in love with someone, and if those feelings were reciprocated, my only choice would be to walk away, to break my heart, and retreat into isolation, alone. And this wouldnt be just a one-time heartbreak. It would continue throughout my entire life. Whenever I came to know someone whose company I really enjoyed, I would always fear that I competency come to like them too much, that I might come to love them. And within the traditional i nterpretation of Scripture, falling in love is one of the worst things that could happen to a gay person.Because you will necessarily be heartbroken, you will have to run away, and that will happen every single time that you come to care about someone else too much. So while you watch your friends fall in love, get married, and start families, you will always be left out. You will never share in those joys yourself of a spouse and of children of your own. You will always be alone. Well, thats certainly sad, some might say, and Im sorry for that. But you cannot elevate your experience over the authority of Scripture in order to be happy. Christianity isnt about you being happy. Its not about your personal fulfillment.Sacrifice and suffering were intact to the life of Christ, and as Christians, were called to deny ourselves, to take up our crosses, and to follow Him. This is true. But it assumes that theres no doubt about the correctness of the traditional interpretation of Scripture on this subject, which Im about to explore. And already, two major problems have presented themselves with that interpretation. The first problem is this In Matthew 7, in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus warns against false teachers, and he offers a principle that can be used to test good teaching from bad teaching.By their fruit, you will recognize them, he says. Every good tree saves good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. Good teachings, according to Jesus, have good consequences. That doesnt mean that following Christian teaching will or should be easy, and in fact, many of Jesuss commands are not easy at all turning the other cheek, loving your enemies, set down your life for your friends.But those are all profound acts of love that both reflect Gods love for us and that powerfully affirm the dignity and worth of human life and of human beings. Good teachings, even when they are very difficult, are not destructive to human dignity. They dont lead to emotional and spiritual devastation, and to the loss of self-esteem and self-worth. But those have been the consequences for gay people of the traditional teaching on homosexuality. It has not borne good fruit in their lives, and its caused them incalculable pain and suffering.If were taking Jesus seriously that bad fruit cannot come from a good tree, then that should cause us to question whether the traditional teaching is correct. The second problem that has already presented itself with the traditional interpretation comes from the opening chapters of Genesis, from the account of the creation of Adam and Eve. This story is often cited to argue against the blessing of same-sex unions in the beginning, God created a man and a woman, and two men or two women would be a deviation from that design.But this biblical story deserves closer attention. In the first two chapters of Genesis, God creates the heavens and the earth, plants, an imals, man, and everything in the earth. And He declares everything in creation to be either good or very good except for one thing. In Genesis 218, God says, It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him. And yes, the suitable helper or partner that God makes for Adam is Eve, a woman. And a woman is a suitable partner for the vast majority of men for straight men.But for gay men, that isnt the case. For them, a woman is not a suitable partner. And in all of the ways that a woman is a suitable partner for straight menfor gay men, its another gay man who is a suitable partner. And the same is true for homosexual women. For them, it is another lesbian woman who is a suitable partner. But the necessary consequence of the traditional teaching on homosexuality is that, even though gay people have suitable partners, they must reject them, and they must live alone for their whole lives, without a spouse or a family of their own.We are now declaring good the very first thing in Scripture that God declared not good for the man to be forced to be alone. And the fruit that this teaching has borne has been deeply wounding and destructive. This is a major problem. By place to the traditional interpretation, we are now contradicting the Bibles own teachings the Bible teaches that it is not good for the man to be forced to be alone, and yet now, we are teaching that it is. Scripture says that good teachings will bear good fruit, but now, the reverse is occurring, and we say its not a problem.Something here is off something is out of place. And its because of these problems and these contradictions that more and more Christians have been going back to Scripture and re-examining the 6 verses that have make the basis for an absolute condemnation of same-sex relationships. Can we go back, can we take a closer think at these verses, and see what we can learn from further study of them? What are these 6 verses? There are three in the Old Test ament and three in the New Testament, so Ill go in order of their appearance in Scripture.In the Old Testament, we have the story of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19 as well as two prohibitions in Leviticus 18 and 20. And in the New Testament, we have a passage by Paul in Romans 1, as well as two Greek terms in 1 Corinthians 6 and 1 Timothy 1. To begin, lets look at Genesis 19, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. In Genesis 18, God and two angels come in the form of men to visit Abraham and Sarah at their tent alongside the Dead Sea.Abraham and Sarah do not yet incarnate who they are, but they show them lavish hospitality nonetheless. Halfway through the chapter, God now beginning to be recognized by Abraham tells him the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous that I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. Abrahams nephew, Lot, and Lots family, live in Sodom, and so Abraham ba rgains with God, and gets Him to agree not to destroy the city if He finds even 10 righteous people there.

English Composition Essay Example for Free

English Composition EssayI am writing my research musical composition on the topic of mandatory stripped-down jail declares. Why do we have mandatory minimum sentences for certain criminal offenses that cause individuals to do extended prison terms when their offenses are totally diametric from someone who commits a similar offense but do the same amount of time?My fly the coop in law enforcement leads me to believe that people should not be sentenced to mandatory sentences. Ive seen a human activity young men incarcerated for minor crimes who received mandatory sentences that appeared to be very harsh in compare to the offense they were convicted of. This argument should be of interest to those who have the power to change the law, opposers of the law, and those in favor of mandatory sentences who feel they are equitable. I will argue that the laws governing mandatory minimum sentences should be amended. I believe the length of a sentence, should depend upon the severity of the offense committed. For example, someone apprehended with a atrophied bag of marijuana for personal usage should not be required to complete the same sentence as someone with pounds of marijuana that was planned to be widely distributed.To be sure justice is served, which is the remainder of the court system, criminal sentences should be decided on an individual basis with due consideration to guidelines presumption by the law. It should also be argued that the first purpose of the court should be to rehabilitate. This can only be done by personal consideration of each case and punishment. I look forward to sacramental manduction my thoughts on this provocative issue.

Globalization & new trend Essay Example for Free

globalization new trend EssayGlobalization is the hip and new trend when the handling foc occasions on certain well-disposed aspects like technology, economy, business, commerce, media, sport, sports and communication. This is owed generally to the impact of globalization to the way individuals live in the modern day, 21st century world. Globalization is the idea that individuals stack reach each other condescension geographical and other boundaries that made globalization impossible before and kept life strictly local anaesthetic or regionalized.With the entry of the trend of globalization, the world has embraced a new concept of the world which is now well-nigh interlinked, countries acting like small communities that houses citizens that can freely interact with citizens of a nonher countries in real term despite the thousand miles of separation and the difference in time zones. Many believed that globalization is generally a good idea viewers in China can watch the National Basketball linkup Finals game real time, slice students in Pakistan, Australia and Greenland can talk with each other simultaneously via the use of the meshwork.Banking became flexible and ceased to be surface area-centric, and tack and commerce saw a bigger opened door that alveolate international and local businessmen in a toe-to-toe battle since globalization in trade and commerce commenced. But not all of the effects of the globalization is viewed as a very domineering spin on things. Everyone has caught the globalization bug, and to make sure that they do not get left behind, the driveway gangs of the United States of America has also stepped up and made important restructuring steps to ensure that the operation of their crabby(prenominal) gangs transcends localized action.The avenue gangs of the US has gone global, and why not? As much as it is a peer group that grows because of the fulfilment of what thoroughfare gangs promises to provide its members, af filiates and partners in a personal level (affinity, protection, a sense of belonging and brotherhood, etc), these very(prenominal) way gangs of US are also thriving because of their role in local (and now, global) albeit sometimes illegal economy. What does it mean to nurture a US alley gang globalized?It does not directly mean that these gangs leave branches outside of US territory, say for example, Crips-China or Bloods-South Korea this idea is at mop preposterous since the very core idea of the formation of street gangs is the creation of a self oblige fiefdom over a particular neighbourhood which they consider as their turf, the seat of their might. The creation of branches or extensions in other places or other countries entrust make these loosely structured gangs akin to the rigid structuring of genuine fraternities, which they are from.While it is not outlying(prenominal) fetched that the idea of branching out happened to any of the street gangs in the US sooner o r later on, the globalization of these gangs is not merely defined or limited exploitation this particular precept they become globalized once their operation ceases to be limited to localized action, distribution and cater pipeline construction they become globalized when they maximize and utilize any and all available technology so that they connect with other gangs and similar entities across the globe they become globalized when their populace becomes a part of push down culture or socially shared common knowledge even in places they havent even been before, due mainly to the role of mass media and how gangs are always included in entertainment materials beamed and telecast in different parts of the world, introducing them to this kind of social strata they become globalized when their status improves to that of global prestigiousness and renown.Klein (2001) supports the thinking of the natural course of pattern of growth of local US street gangs going outward, truism tha t we have exported our American street gang culture abroad and adding that there are Crips in the Netherlands and that the particular forms of European gangs seem similar to those to be found in the United States (pg 237). These copycat street gangs followed the equivalent US street gang roles in their own countries, doing their part in their part of the world while US street gangs did theirs in America. Schaeffer (2002) said that foreign mafias were based close to drug supplies but far from US government prosecutors. This meant they were better placed to obtain drugs and evade the law, particularly since government authority was atonic in their host countries. There were also able to establish contacts with young, aggressive street gangs based in US immigrant communities (pg 356).The Triggers of Globalization Like all of the other aspects of life affected by the entry of globalization, these street gangs did not just go global by itself instead there were external triggers that acted as catalyst towards the change that these gangs experienced from being local entities to global participants. The triggers prompted the change they allowed the gang members to see the potential and fortuity of going global, in effect selling the idea of globalisation to these groups and enforcing the compulsory change at the same time. Some of these triggers include internet, telecommunications infrastructure, music, written media and movies.More and more people are becoming more informed of these gangs and how they work, and many impressionable kids who want to emulate the characteristics of the gang members utilize the internet for information. pull down the amount of link literature available about US street gangs is voluminous, owing to the fact that street gangs and their lives and actions has been intensively chronicled by news as well as academic studies resulting to written works published both via the Internet and traditionally. Even in popular movies, music vid eos and television shows, US street gangs have already pull in a niche as a particular group present in the modern day setting. These allowed the US street gangs to earn international notoriety and fame, and at the same time advertise themselves to the oecumenical audience.At some point, these tools blew the US street gangs out of the proportion they were overrated but criminal organizations put them interior their operations, and the resulting globalized popularity made law enforcement efforts versus street gangs in the country more stringent and strict. Conclusion Globalization is a freight train that bumps off anyone that stands in the way, and street gangs in the US will not be exempted from the impact of globalization. Not that these gangs considers this as a bad thing to happen to them its just that globalization obligate itself upon these gangs and not the other way around, globalization dictating the terms to which street gangs made itself amenable too, in replacement for effects that made US street gangs see more than one reason to thank globalization.Something happened to US street gangs, and that is globalization, and like any other social aspect affected by globalization, the US street gangs are changing and metamorphosing for one, they are far from the ethos of old-school street gangs which exist solely to establish and maintain their fiefdom and establish a social status quo to their liking, particularly those under the blanket of underground and subculture worlds where sin and city merges. Now, street gangs are more business minded they make themselves effective business entities not by power dressing nor by publicity campaign, but by the use of the only remnant of the old street gang type, a feature still found in the new and globalized street gang violence, huffy power and intimidation.The neighbourhood is now not merely a place they fight for group surcharge and bragging rights it has become more important to them because it is an important section of the global pipeline to which their operation and existence depend, may it be drugs, counterfeit money, small arms, black market technology, intelligence, prostitutes, automobiles, gambling etc. Looking at the history of street gangs, it is quite predictable that such international networks would be developed sooner or later, and it is found in the very nature of the creation of street gangs. Going back to the time when the US is still starting to become a new place in the world where people can live, many different individuals with varying ethnicities and cultural background flocked the country. Naturally, there will be groups that will be dominant over the other, and there will be minority groups whose members will soon try to take in with those of their own kind. These are a fairly tribal instinct.Soon, the disharmony that exists between the ruling absolute majority and the minority will become intolerable that a new group will try (and will either succeed o r fail) in usurping the former majority group. This will be the cycle deep down the society, and those who will grow up will find these affiliations necessary for self preservation. This is the formula that created all black street gangs, all Latino street gangs, all Chinese-American street gangs, all Japanese-American street gangs, etc. Soon, these groups with lineage in other countries beside America will be reconnected with their home country, and being American-Japanese, American-Chinese, and American-Mexican allows for the creation of a connection between these two countries.What the street gangs do in the US will be offered in the country where they have an affiliation to (i. e. the Latin Kings participating in drugs, guns and prostitution operations undertaken by Mexican or even Colombian crime lords, the street gangs acting as pawns and small, localized lords representing big, transnational criminal organizations). Even the transformation is natural street gangs is as muc h a separate and independent type of social group as it is an integral part in the growth and regression phases of criminal groups that were once street gangs that become powerful criminal organizations and regressed back to becoming small, street gangs.Huff (1996) comments, For decades, very few gangs have evolved from adolescent street gangs into adult criminal organizations (pg 74), while for Repetto (2006), these groups have the tendency sooner or later to experience regressing from sophisticated criminal cartels back to street gangs (pg 9).References Reppetto, Thomas. (2006). Bringing Down the Mob The War Against the American Mafia. Henry Holt Company, Incorporated. Ronald, Huff C. (1996). Gangs in America. University of Michigan. Sage Publications. Ronald , Huff C. (November 2001). Gangs in America III. SAGE Publications. Schaeffer, Robert K. (January 2002). Understanding Globalization The Social Consequences of Political, Economic, and Environmental Change. Rowman Littlefie ld Publishers, Inc.

Discussion Board Assignment Essay Example for Free

discussion Board Assignment EssayIn biology a species is a group of animals that is able to join and produce healthy offspring. According to the biology online dictionary, population is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and support in the same place at the same time. This discussion is based on the Nile crocodile which is found in Africa. Its species is biologically known as Crocodylas niloticus. It can grow to length of seven metres, and although it mainly feeds on bigger mammals including human beings it can also feed on fish. If we take the year 2000 as our time nothing past we might see a great change in the coat of the body of the Nile crocodile in coming years. The trait that bequeath most likely change in this species is the size of teeth. As at now, the Nile crocodile has got big teeth which argon used to crush the large prey it catches. This means that the main extraction of food go out be fish. Since most of fishes available are small in size then it means that the big teeth will be of no use.The crocodiles which are big in the size of their bodies are going to die since the food available will be less and only businesslike for the ones which are small in size. As time goes by and due to unavailability of enough food, you will find that small sized crocodiles will have a higher chance of survival as a result of natural selection. Due to environmental changes and human encroachment, in future wild animals (prey) will be fewer. Human beings are increasingly destroying the wild animals habitats in Africa, thereby, reducing the population of the wild animals which are the main crocodiles prey.It is also worth to note that, environmental changes like global warming which is causing frightening droughts in Africa is affecting the populations of the wild animals (crocodiles main prey). REFERENCE Biology online, retrieved on 31st, October, 2008, available at http//www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Population Species of croco dilians, retrieved on 31st, October, 2008, available at http//science. jrank. org/pages/1867/Crocodiles-Species-crocodilians. html

Back yard burgers †the business model Essay Example for Free

Back chiliad burgers the business model Essay

Health Record Worksheet Essay Example for Free

wellness Record Worksheet EssayIn 150 to 350 words, explain the importance of the wellness record. acquit your explanation exploitation your assigned readings. The importance to health records is that it is easier to treat a diligent if you already fall in the history of the persevering illnesses and what medications have processed in the past as well as it will set up them anything they be allergic. They argon also important for you dont have to retake the same test over again if you already have it on file at the hospital you went too. Now with the electronic health rush they are heping to make the paients experience better for them with less wait time and questions.Also with the electronic health records it helps the mendelevium to be reminded of when a new test needs to be make or when a prescription needs to be filled as well. I think that all health records are good because your doctor dissolve go back and see what you were treated for and what has helped you in the past that female genital organ help you now. Use the following table to identify and come at least five cite components of the health record. Additionally, include a 50- to 100-word description of each component. Support your descriptions using your assigned readings.Component of the health recordDescriptionAdminerstrative system componentThis where the patient gets registered, admitted, and discharged this information is very important with protrude this in health records it would make it a lot harder to get the patient seen. This is why it is a key component to health care because without this it wouldnt run as smoothly.Laboratory system componentThis is where the doctor can put in orders to get lab work done then someone will gain the sample to the lab to get processed. Then later the doctor can find the results and figure out a diagnosis of the patient or order more labs to get done on the patient.radioscopy system componentThis is where the doctor can order a xray of a patient and then the patient gets sent down to Radiology to get xrayed. Then the radiologist will send the pictures to the doctor after they are processed. The doctor will tell the patient why they are in pain and the bordering steps for them.Pharmacy system componentThis is where the doctor can order perscriptions and send them to the pharmacy without typography out a prescription and giving them a paper to bring to pharmacy. Also will help make sure that there are no forgery with any of orders. That way the patient doesnt lose it as well.Clinical documentationThis where the patients information goes so it is easily found by the doctor to access it. Also is where the description of the events that happened of each visit with the patient and what has worked and what did not work as a solution.Also can find the patients contact information here.Use the following table to identify and list at least five structured coding systems. Additionally, include a 50- to 100-word descript ion of each system. Support your descriptions using your assigned readings.Structured coding systemDescriptionInternational classification of diseasesthis would be unalike coding they use between other countries and the United States. This is when I believe a patient comes to the States with the disease already in them so they talk about it to others they use a code preferably of just plainly saying it out loud in front of the patient.Diagnostic and Statistical manual of arms of Mental DisordersThis is what doctors use to label someone with a mental disorder whether it was from birth or from a substance abuse. Every patient would have a code with them instead of labeling them they just used codes to tell them apart in a hospital. Also easier to keep track of who is who.Current procedural TerminologyThis is when you have a patient in the examing room and need to tell your nurses what is happening and what needs to be done so they use code names instead of the regular terms so it do es not cow the patient they are working on. Also makes it so there is less to say.

International risk management Essay Example for Free

International risk management EssayA Letter of Credit is a put down issued by a bank at the request of its node promising to pay the exporter for the goods and services provided that the exporter provides all the documents as stated in the terms and conditions. To the exporter a earn of attribute ensures payment and reduces production risk if the buyer has a change of his order. It ensures that buyers cannot refuse to pay collectable to complain raised over the goods. It also provides a chance to get financing incase of slow payment. The importer can structure their payment plan, it serve ups confirm the shipment of the goods, helps them reduce pre-payment, it as well ensures that the exporter delivers exactly what the importer necessitate it also creates confidence for bigger transactions in future. A bill of exchange is a document that acts as the evidence of a debt and informs the importer to pay the exporter a certain fixed sum of money at a certain specific time.The y act as a guarantee that goods of certain stated specifications pass water been shipped and that and that that require payment. The Export-Import Bank of United States of America helps in financing sales of goods and services by proving guarantee of working capital loans, it helps crate jobs through export of goods, the bank guarantees the repayment of loans to foreign purchasers, it also provides credit insurance for U. S. exporters against.The disadvantage of the Export-Import Bank is that for it to support the products at least 50 percent of them must be from U. S and they should not have any negative effect to the economy. It also does not offer help to importers outside U. S. In conclusion, the letter of credit, the bill of exchange and the Export-Import Bank are very important for the import-Export melodic phrase to prosper not only in U. S but also any where in the world.

Role of Youth Essay Example for Free

Role of youthfulness Essayneediness of corporation of the youth in biotic community development and family integration may leave alone to poor skills and citationistics. Community development helps the youth a lot in working their skills, building their character and communicating with others to have a good relationship. Family integration makes the youth more confident cGenerally, this subject focuses on the escape of participation of the youth in community development and family integration. Specifically, this topic aims to show these problems * Lack of communication and awareness of opportunities (Felix, 2003) * Turf issues among organizations competing for youth participants (Felix, 2003) * Lack of diversity, and adultism or the systematic mistreatment of young people only when because of their age. (Felix, 2003) * Youth fear of speaking out (Felix,2003)* Lack of time (Sherrod, Flanagan, Youniss, 2002) * Not being sure of the benefits of their contributions (Israel , Coleman, Ilvento, 1993) As youth are brought into community organizations and civic roles that they have traditionally been excluded from, they can participate in topical anaesthetic decision-making at multiple levels. This collaboration leads to skill enhancement, confidence building, and ownership that prepare them as they navigate toward adulthood. wholly of these can be achieved through participating in activities that pursue community development and family integration. Lacking of participation is seen form the youth. Lack of participation in family integration and community development may lead to a lot of conflict in the society. Communication is the best way to build a relationship with the community and with the family. In this way, the youth can easily participate and contribute to the developments made by the community. The family will run as a great motivation for the youth to participate well and be efficient in helping developing ones community.The specific probl ems points out different pursuits. In the first problem, lack of communication and awareness of opportunities, the reason that this problem occurred is because of the extreme rapid change in the modern civilization, in contrast to modern societies, campaign to increase parent-youth conflict, for within a fast changing social club the time interval between generations. Inevitably, under such a condition, youth is reared in a surroundings different from that of the parents hence the parents become old-fashioned, youth rebellious, and clashes occur which is closely confined circle of the immediate family, present sharp emotion.This conflict will only subdue to not communicating with parents because avoiding arguments with their parents. Another problem that hinders the youth in progressing and doing their role as youth is lack of time. The youth now a days tend to spend their time in paying video games, watching television Parent-youth conflict thus results from the fundamental int eraction of certain universals of the parent-child relation and certain variables the value of which are peculiar to modern culture . the universals are the staple fibre age or birth cycle differential between parent and child. The decelerating rate of socialization with advancing age, the rsulting intrinsic differences btween old and young on the physiological, psychosocial and sociological planes.

The Parents and their Children Essay Example for Free

The Parents and their Children EssayThe family is the introductory unit of society. It is the first social group ace nimblely and involuntarily becomes a part of. The immediate family consists of the father, the father, and the peasantren. Ideally, the father is the supplier of the family. He is superior, beca intake he holds the foundation of the family. If the father is weak, the rest of the family collapses. The mother is the light of the family. She is the control f lickor for decision-making in the house. Ideally, she makes sure the house is in sanctify and whatever the provider gives her, she makes it work. In order for the family to be happy, the clawren need to be emotionally and physically cacoethesd.In the poem, After Making Love We perk Foot perverts,the author describedthe love-makingbetween the husband and wife,and then a baby appears. It is no sidestep that the parents are blithesome to have the baby and was described to be this blessing love gives aga in into our arms.In turn, the baby is really happy to be with loving and snuggling parents and wants to join. The baby give the sack feel the acceptance and great love from his parents, so in feeling love, the author wrote his face gleaming with satisfaction at being this very child. (Galway, K. 1980).When fathers partake in taking care of the children even aft(prenominal) a lumbering days work, it gives the children a sense of greater comfort to know both parents love them. In the poem, My Papas Waltz, the boy was leap with his fatherThe hand that held my wristWas battered on unity knuckleAt every step you missedMy right ear scraped a buckle. (Roethke, T. 1908-1963.3rd stanza).In this poem, the boy doesnt want to go to bed yet. The first and second line described the hand of the father that was callouseddue to hard work. Note that the author of this poem lived during the time where roughly fathers work with hard machinery as factory workers, you can just imagine how tired t he father must be at the end of the day. The third and one-quarter line described the height of the boy how young and small he was because his ear was just at the waist level of the father.The fathers technique of putting him to bed was done in a positive way. He danced and played with his son, even though they made a mess in the kitchen. The mother in this poem, however, was trying to control her laughter, as stated in the poem her countenance could not unfrown itself. (Roethke, T. 1908-1963.second stanza).One is very fortunate if a family is functional. A functional family is a family where all the components are emotionally and physically sound. If a family is sound, the parents can be very protective of their children. They want a good after spirit for their children like any loving parent would. If something happens to their children out of the ordinary, the parents are the greatest to suffer.If death occurs in the family, the members testament habitually become depressed. Killings,is a story which tells about the parents dealing with the pain ofloss of their son, Frank, due to murder. Here, one of the siblings has thought of killing the murderer. The father also bought a .38 gun because he has the same intention in like manner and beingthe father, he suffered the most. His thought for revenge was greatly influenced with his wifes depression, And at nights in bed she would hold monotone and cry, or sometimes she was silent and Matt would touch her tightening arm, her clenched fist. Eventually, the father killed the murderer. (Dubus, A. 1979). In reality, most families are dysfunctional. The children are the ones greatly affected when this happens. Barn Burning, is a story of a father nuisance his son. It was accounted many times how the father hit the child, His father struck him with the flat of his hand on the gradient of the head, hard but without heat, exactly as he had struck the two mules at the store,and this happened not provided once in the story. It was also described that the child, being just a son, hadalways been brushed withdraw whenever he speaks out to his father.Then theslapping of the father eventually progressed intoan abuse.The abuse was clearly identified, This time his father didnt knock against him. The hand came even faster than the blow had, the same hand which had set the can on the table with almost excruciating care flashing from the can toward him too quickly for him to follow it, gripping him by the back of his shirt and on to tiptoe before he had seen it quit the can, the face stooping at him in breathless and frozen ferocity, and after that the father wanted the son to be tied up to the bedpost. The sad part here was that the childs mother, aunt, and siblings were in varied. The child was able to run free into the woods, and, like escaping a nightmare, he ran as far away from the house and did not look back. (Faulkner, W. 1939). The role of the father as the provider is indeed very importa nt. The mother and the children are powerless everyplace the actions of the father because they are dependent on him financially. The children tolerate abuse from parents because they are too young to become independent. Moreover, they are still innocent and confused. If the child grew up with loving parents, most likely the child will be loving and caring too.If the child grew up in an abusive environment, chances are the child will grow up with personality disorders one day. Children view their parents as their role models, because they mirror themselves to be as strong as them. In the nobble story, Barn Burning, although the child ran away, when he learned that his father joined the army,(which may have caused his fathers leg to be amputated), he was proud. The father is still the figure of strength in the family. Ideally, fathers should do their best to provide. (Faulkner, W. 1939). If a family member dies, the rest of the family grieves. Depression is the result of a long gri ef. Due to this, family members might think of revenge over the death of a loved one, for instance, the father killed the murderer in the short story, Killings. The father here didnt act alone, and he was helped by his friend, Willis, to plotand kill the murderer.At the same time, the father didnt reveal anything to his wife, although the wife suspected that her husband was plotting to kill the suspect. Even though the wife knew there was a plot, she was calm and waited for it to happen, in short, she agreed to kill the suspect too. The father was not a bad person, but the suspect took the life of his son and the sight of the suspect pained him and his wife so much. In this case, the murder done by the father was justified because of grief. (Dubus, A. 1979). It is good to know why these poems and short stories are written as such. Authors spare something for a reason. Their works are forms of expression of their real experiences. For example, Emily Dickinson wrote The Bustle in a H ouse, which describes mourning after death. (Dickinson, E. 1866. 1st stanza.). It may be related to her real life story due to loss of loved ones. She stated The sweeping up the heart And putting love away We shall not want to use again Until eternity. (Dickinson, E. 1866. 2nd stanza.).Death is a fact of life so one should resume his normal life to be able to recover from depression. This view of death is also similar to the poem, February, which stated on the last line, Get rid of death. Celebrate increase. Make it be spring. (Atwood, M. 1995).Parents will always fear for their children whether their enatic ways are good or bad. (Dubus, A. 1979). Parents know the value of having children and its priceless. They just have different ways of showing value. Some of them treat their children as possessions, because of their fear and insecurities, so theres a tendency to be abusive. Still, the love of parents will always be there and they will always be the first ones to grieve over the death of their children. Grief is associated with love.

Philip Randolph in civil right movement Essay Example for Free

Philip Randolph in civil right movement EssayAsa Philip Randolph is well known for organizing tire out power as well as for leading civil rights movement. 1889 born Randolph was an ardent spokesperson of non baseless activism against the American racism which led the improvement of the position of cuttings in 20th centaury. He incorruptiblely believed that the black progress could be achieved through black running(a) class. He always raised the voice for affectionate justice which paved the way to his political activism. From the college days, he began his mission. When he was in college, he started an employment berth with fellow student Chandler Owen, for those blacks who arrived in New York from South.After graduation, with the influence of W. E. B. Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk, Randolph joined the socialist troupe and started addressing the crowd about socialism and importance of militant class consciousness. In 1917 he published the low issue of the magazine mes senger which was later termed as one of the most brilliantly edited magazines in the history of American Negro journalism. In 1925, he formed an organic law of Brotherhood of sleeping machine porters in the wake of refusal of membership of blacks by American Federation Labor .The organization was consisting of those black porters worked for Pullman Company. The Pullman an employer of blacks denied the organization of the blacks in earlier period. There was a case of firing the employees who butt oned for wage increase and improve working forms. Randolph as the president of Brotherhood of sleeping car porters laid down a unrelenting and ennoble negotiation meetings with Pullman authorities which led the sanction of the first union of black, Brotherhood of sleeping car porters and ulterior wage increase of $2 miilion.Moreover Randolph could achieve a contract of railroad with this particular lodge in 1937. Randolph moved forward with the motto of complete equality and economic opportunity for blacks . He explained his activities as the idea of separatism is harkening to the past and it is undesirable even if it could be realized, because the progess of mankind has been based upon contact and association, upon social, sharp and cultural contact. (Ebony magazine, 1970)(1) A year after the successful negation with Pullman co.Randolph initiated an action to cease the employment discrimination against blacks in the federal government . He put pressure on the President Franklin D. Roosewelt in this matter. Moreover he analyzed the recruitment process of US military for World War II to put an end to racial discrimination. Since all the efforts regarding federal and military hiring turned in vain, he carried out the famous 1941 march to Washington with 50thousand blacks. Consequently Roosevelt issued an secernate banning discrimination in the defense ministry.Even though the charge established for improving the condition of the blacks, it could not meet the effective means of enacting it. The racial equality had always been violated. This pulled Randolph to move ahead with his civil right movement.He founded the League for Nonviolent Civil Disobedience against war machine Segregation. He warned the Congressional committee that the black and white youth would be insisted to boycott the military if the condition of racial inequality mitigated. . The march on Washington went on. In 1942, at Detroit conference he called for the scheme and tactics of the people of India with mass civil disobedience and non-cooperation. In 1943, he insisted the delegates to adopt the policy of non-violent good-will pack action.He challenged President Harry Truman to take an effective action in this regard. Finally Truman issued another order to desegregate the military. In 1950s and 1960s also Randolph was actively participated in civil rights movement against the racial discrimination. Through march on Washington movement and the civil disobedience mov ement to end the segregation in military ,Randolph insisted the new generation of civil right activists that the violent protests are no chronic a suitable way to attain the goal.It never mobilizes the public pressure. The movement recognized him by referring the head of the March on Washington in which Martin Luther King Jr. rendered his famous I Have a Dream speech. In 1955, Randolph was elected as a vice president of the AFL-CIO. Asa Philip Randolph was a notable reformer. His imagery and commitment is always inspiration for the young generation. Nobody can deny the fact that Randolphs firm and peaceful strategic ideas are the major factor which ultimately led success of his mission.

Strain Theory by Robert Merton | An Analysis

Strain Theory by Robert Merton An synopsisIn criminology, the ancestrying conjecture describes companion adequate structures in military position society that whitethorn support people to campaign out shame. Following the work of Emile Durkheim, Strain Theories have been supported by Robert King Merton, Albert K. Cohen, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, Robert Agnew, and Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld. Strain may be eitherStructural this applies to the procedures at the community train which break d sustain and impact how iodin judges their requirements, i.e. if specific social controls atomic number 18 insufficient or in that location is little regulation, this may turn the privates out expect as to methods and prospects orIndividual This term represents the hostility and barriers faced by persons as they look for ways to fulfill their needs or desires, i.e. if the norms of a society become important to a person, in fact accomplishing them may become more signifi cant than the methods.The History of Strain TheoryStrain possibility was created from the work of Durkheim and Merton and derived from the possible action of anomie. Durkheim concentrated on the reduction of societal control and the strain that was ca rate ond at the individual level, and Merton analyzed the cultural connection that is present among the individual and the standards of society. Anomie can be relegate into dickens separate levels. The first of these levels is the macro side of anomie, which is apparent in the capacity of society to ratify restrictions on societal norms and goals, and ultimately control an individuals conduct. The micro side of anomie, also called as strain surmisal, is centre on the motives underlying the bigger probability of digression that accumulates from the breakdown of society. In accordance with this micro side of anomie, the reduction in societal controls generates more desire to per version deviant actions (Agnew Passas, 19972-3).A gnew and Passas (1997) dealt with the similarities between the macro level of anomie and control possibility however, they claimed that the micro level theory of strain should be judged in a distinct way different from the control theory. Agnew (199248) also contrasted and compared strain theory to control theory and social eruditeness theory. The theories vary in the kind of social relationships that they emphasize and the motivations on which they are established. The control theory hinges on the nonion that the breakdown of society frees the individual to carry out crime strain theory is motivated on the strain that is throw up on the person to carry out crime (Agnew, 1992). affable learning theory is founded on the fundamentals from a group that bring nearly a reconstructive or substantiating view of crime (Agnew, 1992). In accordance with strain theory, individual deviance is created callable to cast out treatment from others, and this causes anger and disappointment ( Agnew, 1997a). Control theory, though, is founded on the pretermit of significant relationships with non-deviant others, i.e. family, church, and social learning theory is based on positive interactions with other that are considered deviant. (Agnew, 1992).The attractiveness of strain/anomie theory began in the late 1960s owing to the need of data presented by analysts and the political and social surroundings of the decade (Agnew Passas, 1997). The lack of supporting evidence can be due to some deficiencies in the current methods use by the analysts (Agnew Passas, 1997). Generalization of the theory and an ignorance of the earlier revisions caused a body of work that distorted the legitimate definition of anomie/strain theory (Agnew Passas, 1997). Together with these deficiencies, modern theorists have claimed that empirical evidence in fact supports the theory (Agnew, Cullen, Burton, Evans, Gregory 1996).Mertons Strain Theory Economic Goals, Educational Means Delinquency In the tarradiddle of modern criminology, few theories have realized the impact of Mertons (1983) theory of strain and deviance. It has withs likewised a half-century despite a sizeable amount of literature opposed to its theoretical basis. Disillusionment with its empirical verification, on the other hand, has caused many to discard it as a possible explanation for delinquency (Hirschi, 1969 Johnson, 1979 Kornhauser, 1978).In view of the fact that the strain theory incorporates both mental and morphologic account for crime, its dismissal would be a critical dismissal to criminology. Together with reservations about the signification of social class in the birth of crime, the denial of Mertons theory of structurally induced strain could create a typical shift toward theories of individual doings lacking structural context. The historical significance and unique contribution of strain theory deserves a re-examination before its final rejection.Mertons current explanation of str ain was criticized for its theoretical uncertainty (Cohen, 1955 Lindesmith Gagnon, 1964). For instance, Merton gave examples of deviance perhaps linked with different methods of ad preciselyment although he did non offer any statements regarding the methods by which each adaptive method might impact several(a) crime results (Clinard, 1964a).The consequences of this type of vagueness are apparent in trials for the research of strain impacts on juvenile delinquency. The theory advances to mean that innovation causes utilitarian kinds of delinquency although does not state whether strain clarifies common kinds of juvenile crime for example sabotage or personal crimes of a non-utilitarian character (Gibbons Jones, 1975 Thio, 1975).The theory is implied as to whether strain should predict crime prevalence or frequency or both, or critical against non-critical types.Akers operationalization of Agnews theory Sources of strainAkers (2000) has operationalized Agnews strain of the Strai n Theory, as followsFailure to achieve positively valued goals the gap between expectations and actual achievements exit derive from short- and long-term personal goals, and some of those goals volition never be realized because of un parryable bunch including both inherent weaknesses and opportunities blocked by others and the difference between the view of what a person believes the outlet should be and what actually results increases personal disappointment. Frustration is not necessarily due to any outside check with valued goals, but a direct yield on anger, and has indirect effects on sombre crime and aggression. Agnew and White (1992) have produced empirical evidence suggesting that general strain theory was positively able to relate delinquents and drug users, and that the strongest effect on the delinquents studied was the delinquency of their peers. They were interested in drug use because it did not appear to represent an attempt to direct anger or escape painful sensation, but is used primarily to manage the negative affect caused by strain.Up to this stage, strain theory had been related with types of strain as opposed to sources of strain while the essay of ones surroundings can be shown to involve with the expectations of just and fair results. These may be major events or minor hassles that build up and discourage oer time. Frustration causes disappointment, bitterness, and anger all the emotions normally linked with strain in criminology. It is normal for persons to feel pain when they are refused fair compensations for their efforts, curiously when measured against the endeavors and compensations given to others for similar results. Agnew (1992) deals with anger as the most conclusive emotion as it is almost always aimed outwards and is broadly speaking linked to breakdowns in relationships. Study shows that the stress/crime relationship seems to hold regardless of guilt emotions, age, and capacity to deal with when events take p lace concurrently or in c endure sequence.Robert AgnewIn 1992, Agnew maintained that strain theory could be fundamental in describing crime and deviance, however that it required review so that it was not attached to social class or cultural standards however, re-focused on self standards. He mapped out a general strain theory that is uncomplete structural nor interpersonal however, emotional and motivated on an individuals direct social status. He claimed that an individuals concrete or anticipated failure to realize positively valued objectives, actual or expected removal of positive values, and actual or anticipated presentation of negative motivation all results in strain.Strain appears from negative relationships with others. If persons are not dealt in the way that they anticipate or want to be dealt, they will lose their trust in the role others play for achieving goals. Anger and disappointment support unconstructive relationships. This will generally involve more one-side d action since there will be an innate wish to avoid unwanted rejections, supporting more general isolation. If specific rejections are general feelings that the situation is unjust or unfair, stronger and more negative feelings may inspire the person to engage in crime. This is especially true for junior people, and Agnew proposed that study concentrate on the overall , currency, duration, and grouping of such stressful events to find out whether a person deal with strain in a criminal or compliant way. He especially found temperament, intelligence, factors interpersonal skills, relationship with criminal peers and conservative social support important factors of self-efficacy.Robert DubinDubin (1959) judged deviance as a task of society, disputing the hypothesis that the deviant action resulting from circumstances of anomie is essentially damaging to society. For instance, a person in the ritualistic environment is still playing by the regulations and contributing to society. The only deviance lies in discarding one or more of its prescribed objectives. Dubin maintained that Mertons concentration on the interactions between societys show objectives, and institutionalized agreed methods was insufficient.Dubin thought an added difference should be made between cultural objectives, organisational methods and organizational standards since individuals identify standards individually, explaining them and operating them in a different way. The individual educational skills, regulations, and behaviors may influence a person to internalize a norm one way. Another individual with different experiences may justifiably internalize in a different way. Both may be doing realistically in their own terms however, the behavior is different.Dubin also expanded Mertons classification to fourteen, with particular focus in Innovation and Ritualism. Merton put forward that the new response to strain was linking the objective, although discarding the organizing agreed methods of realizing the objective. The connotation appeared to be that not only did the person discard the methods, he must vigorously innovate un legal philosophyful methods as a replacement which would not always be correct.Dubin also believed that a difference should be made between the real behavior of the individual and the principles that pushed the behavior. Rather than Innovation, Dubin put forward Behavioral Innovation and Value Innovation. Likewise, in Ritualism, he put forward Behavioral Ritualism and Value Ritualism (Dubin, 1959). Merton (1959) remarked on Dubins changes, claiming that although Dubin did make suitable contributions, they took the motivations off of deviancy.Operationalizing Strain for JuvenilesMerton termed strain as an individuals response to a dysfunction between objectives and accessibility to the socially accepted methods for their achievement. Mertons original writings (1938 1957) appear to spell out clearly that economic wealth is a principal goal in the meritocratic society and that education is the conservative ways for realizing wealth. At present, for instance, a college degree is usually considered as a minimum requirement for entry to a good job or professional job. Strain would be possible when a person is firmly dedicated to making much wealth nevertheless considers college as outside attainment. It is thought that structurally induced strain amongst juveniles would be considered correctly as the dysfunction between economic objectives and hopes for finishing college.On the contrary, the preferential operationalization of strain in delinquency researches has been the difference between educational aims and hopes. The argument for using this evaluation is that job expectations are less helpful as objectives for juveniles since these expectations are too far removed from their conscious concerns (Agnew, 1986, 1984 Elliott, Huizinga, Ageton, 1985). This normally used measure deviates considerably from Mertons theory. If strain is redefined completely in the field of education, the educational methods in Mertons original theory become both objectives and methods, and the central theoretical significance of economic objectives is lost.The basis for this version of strain for juveniles is challenging. Although juveniles may have trouble in thinking about future jobs, their financial aspirations may be strong and clear. For both hypothetical and rational motives, as a result, juvenile strain is a product of the dysfunction between economic objectives and educational prospects rather than as a dysfunction between educational aims and prospects.ConclusionIn 1969, Hirschi proposed within a control sentinel that high expectations to customary objectives performed as limitations on delinquency (1969) and that the calculation of a measure of strain would not enhance the descriptive competence of dedication alone. As against the strain position that high expectations in the front line of low expectations raise th e chances of delinquency, Hirschi (1969) presumed that the (negative) relation between aspirations and delinquency (supportive of control theory) does not reverse when expectations are held constant. His legal opinion using educational expectations showed that while higher goals reduced the chance of delinquency in his try out, differences in educational expectations are not significant in the causation of delinquency for two reasons few boys in the sample have expectations considerably beyond their expectations and those boys whose expectations far exceed their expectations are at no greater fortune to be delinquent than those boys whose expectations are the same (1969).More researches by Liska (1971) with several data sets strengthened Hirschis result. standardised to Hirschi, Liska computed juvenile strain as the dysfunction between educational expectations and reported results showing that Mertons stress trace might be interpreted more simply by dedication or control theory . and then the most overwhelming criticism of strain theory relates to its noticeable failure in empirical research, in general its failure in relation to control theory (Johnson, 1979 Kornhauser, 1978). In contrast, the majority of the studies supporting such results cut the importance of economic success objectives in creating strain (Bernard, 1984). Hirschi recognized the possible value of income expectations in interrogatory control and strain proposals (1969). His and Liskas denial of strain theory, though, depended on the assessment of objectives and methods as educational expectationsIs EC veraciousfulness Compatible with parliamentary Sovereignty?Is EC Law Compatible with fantanary Sovereignty?Is the primacy of EC virtue over inconsistent UK statutes compatible with the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty?The notion of Parliament as the independent law-making body in the UK is a long-standing shibboleth of the British constitution1. make outs of Parliament have tr aditionally been deemed to be the highest form of law in the UK, and the courts were denied the authority to challenge them2.In 1972, however, the signing of the Treaty of Rome brought the UK within the context of EC law3. The European Court of Justice has emphasised the primacy of EC law over the national law of its member states4 and national courts are expected to recognise this. The British courts apparent capitulation5 might suggest that Parliamentary sovereignty has now been usurped by the primacy of EC law. If true, this would be a major upheaval in our inbuilt framework. However, on a closer analysis it seems that accession to the EC has had a less revolutionary effect on the British constitution than was initially feared.This paper will consider the relationship between these two seemingly irreconcilable doctrines and examine the question of whether they are capable of co-existence.Parliamentary SovereigntyParliamentary sovereignty has a lengthy history in British const itutional law6. The definitive analysis was provided by Albert tricksy in the late 19th Century in his text Introduction to the Study of the Law of the temperament7. Essentially, the principle provides that Parliament is the highest law-making authority in the UK. It has the right to make or unmake any law whatever and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the jurisprudence of Parliament.8 slick expands on this assertion to emphasise that Parliament was competent to pass laws on any subject9. The only thing that it could not do is bind its successors10. Furthermore, the courts lack the authority to challenge any statute that has been enacted using the correct procedure11.Primacy of EC LawBritain acceded to the European Communities in 1973, with the signing of the Treaty of Rome. EC law was given effect in Britain through the enactment of the European Communities Act 1972, which gave direct effect and applica tion to EC law12.Article 10 of the Treaty of Rome, as amended, states that there is a duty on all member states to pursue with Community law and not to ram its application and the European Court of Justice has vociferously emphasised its expectation that EC law will prevail where it deviations with the domestic law of member states13. In Costa, for example, the ECJ states that the precedence of Community law is confirmed by Art 189 (now 249) EC, whereby a regulation shall be binding and directly applicable in all portion demesnes14. In other words, EC law takes primacy over domestic law.The British courts have since demonstrated their willingness to comply with this instruction15. In Factortame No. 216, for example, Lord Bridge stated that under the 1972 Act, it has always been clear that it was the duty of a UK court when delivering final judgment to override any rule of national law found to be in conflict with any directly enforceable Community law.17Conflict between the doc trinesThe potential for conflict here is self-evident. The courts cannot serve two masters but, as long as these two competing doctrines co-exist, this effectively appears to be what they are world asked to do. On the one hand, Parliamentary sovereignty dictates that the courts have no right to question an Act of Parliament. On the other, EC law, which declares itself to be supreme, expects national courts to declare Acts of Parliament invalid to the extent that they are inconsistent with EC Law.On a practical level, it appears that the primacy of EC law has overwhelmed Parliamentary Sovereignty. The UK courts have heavy(p) more comfortable with applying EC law where it conflicts with UK statutes and EC law has become an accepted part of the British legal system.As Munro points out, however, it is important to remember that Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal doctrine18. It is not concerned with the political or practical effects of accession upon the authority of Parliament, but with whether, legally speaking, parliamentary sovereignty is preserved19. This is an important consideration.In cases that followed the enactment of the 1972 Act, Lord Denning attempted to manufacture the apparently conflicting norms20. He argued that, although EC law was treated by the courts as prevailing over conflicting domestic law, EC law was only offered this status on the basis of an Act of Parliament, the 1972 Act. As the 1972 Act has no greater status than any other parliamentary statute, it could be repealed by an express provision in a subsequent Act of Parliament. The legal concept of Parliamentary sovereignty is therefore preserved.21The 1972 is not presented as being in any way superior to a normal Act of Parliament22. Indeed, during the ministerial discussions that preceded the passing of the Act it was acknowledged that any attempt to do so could readily be overturned by a subsequent Parliament23. Of course, the doctrine of implied repeal cannot operate in respect of the 1972 Act since it is not considered to be overridden by subsequent contradictory enactments. As Munro points out, however, this is a characteristic shared by other legislation and does not necessarily threaten the sovereignty of Parliament24.Ward believes that parliamentary sovereignty is an archaic legal fable that ignores political realities and serves no purpose in a modern setting shaped by the opposite number influences of globalisation and decentralisation of power25. He considers that we would be best served by abandoning the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty in favour of a new constitutional order26. However, even he acknowledges that, on the legal planing machine at least, the concept of Parliamentary sovereignty undoubtedly continues to exist alongside EC law27.ConclusionAs Munro has argued, is important to distinguish the legal concept of Parliamentary sovereignty from a political or pragmatic interpretation of the term. While it may be that repeal of the 1972 A ct and withdrawal from the EC would be impossible in real terms, Parliament retains the legal option to do this. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to reconcile the apparently conflicting doctrines within our constitutional framework.BIBLIOGRAPHYBarnett, H.A. underlying and administrative Law (Cavendish London) 2004Bradley, A. The Sovereignty of Parliament plant or Substance? in Jowell, J. and Oliver, D. The Changing Constitution (Oxford University Press Oxford) 2004Dicey, A.V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (Macmillan Education Basingstoke) 1959Goldsworthy, J.D. The Sovereignty of Parliament History and Philosophy (Oxford University Press Oxford) 1999Munro, C. Studies in Constitutional Law (Butterworths London) 1999Ward, I. A Critical Introduction to European Law (Butterworths London) 1996Ward, I. The Margins of European Law (Macmillan Education Basingstoke) 1996Algemene Transport en Expeditie Onderneming new wave Gend en Loos v Netherlands Inland taxation Administration 1963 C.M.L.R. 105Costa v. Ente Nazionale per lEnergia Elettrica (ENEL) 1968 C.M.L.R. 267McCarthys Ltd v metalworker (1979) 3 All ER 325R v Secretary of State for Transport ex p. Factortame Ltd (No. 2) 1991 1 A.C. 603 (HL)1Foot levels1 See generally Goldsworthy, J.D. The Sovereignty of Parliament History and Philosophy (Oxford University Press Oxford) 19992 Bradley, A. The Sovereignty of Parliament solve or Substance? in Jowell, J. and Oliver, D. The Changing Constitution (Oxford University Press Oxford) 2004 (hereinafter Bradley) at 283 Barnett, H.A. Constitutional and Administrative Law (Cavendish London) 2004 (hereinafter Barnett) at 1924Ibid5 Bradley supra tonicity 2 at 466 See e.g. Munro, C. Studies in Constitutional Law (Butterworths London) 1999 (hereinafter Munro) at 1277 Dicey, A.V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (Macmillan Education Basingstoke) 1959 (hereinafter Dicey)8 Dicey supra broadsheet 7 at 399 Ibid10 Dicey sup ra smell 7 at 4411 Dicey supra stock 7 at 4512 Munro supra note 6 at 20113 See e.g. Algemene Transport en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend en Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration 1963 C.M.L.R. 105 (hereinafter Van Gend en Loos) and Costa v. Ente Nazionale per lEnergia Elettrica (ENEL) 1968 C.M.L.R. 267 (hereinafter Costa)14 Costa supra note 13 at 27115 Bradley supra note 2 at 4616 R v Secretary of State for Transport ex p. Factortame Ltd (No. 2) 1991 1 A.C. 603 (HL) (hereinafter Factortame)17 Factortame supra note 16 at 65918 Munro supra note 6 at 20619 Ibid20 Ward, I. The Margins of European Law (Macmillan Education Basingstoke) 1996 (hereinafter Margins) at 7621 See e.g. McCarthys Ltd v Smith (1979) 3 All ER 32522 Munro supra note 6 at 20423 Bradley supra note 2 at 4724 Munro supra note 6 at 20725 Margins supra note 7 at Chapter 426 Margins supra note 7 at 8227 Margins supra note 7 at 85